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PERUVIAN MUSIC |
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INSTRUMENTS IN PERU |
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tinya
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tinya |
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One of the most
widely-used Andean percussion instruments. The tinya is a small drum with
two skins made from the leather of different animals. The musician dangles
the tinya from his left hand and plays the drum with a drumstick. It is
used in traditional peasant music, particularly in dances and ritual
ceremonies (cattle branding, harvest time, etc.).
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quena
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 quena |
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Peru's most popular
pre-Hispanic wind instrument. The quena is a straight tube completely open
at one end and partly closed at the other, while five or six soundholes
produce the variations in pitch. The mouthpiece is made up of a beveled
groove into which the musician blows
zampona |
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 zampoña
or antara |
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This instrument is a
pre-Hispanic version of the universal pan-pipe. The zampoña is a bound
cluster of sealed tubes with varying lengths to set the pitch of each
note. The instrument varies from region to region in length, positions and
quantities of the tubes. It is most commonly played in groups in the south
of the country, especially in Puno.
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guitar |
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 guitar |
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This is by far the most
widely-played popular instrument in Peru. While the most common version is
the six-string, nylon-strung Spanish classical guitar, another 10
variations can be found around the country which vary in shape, the number
of strings and what the instrument is made of. It is accompanied by other
instruments depending on the style of music and local artistic tradition.
harp |
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 harp |
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This instrument is
widespread throughout the Peruvian Andes and all down the coastline. It is
doted with a large soundbox which sustains a neck strung with pre-tuned
strings that are arranged in a diatonic scale where the basic notes lack
sharps and flats. Like other European instruments adapted in Peru, the
harp varies tremendously around the country in shape, tunings and
material, as well as when it is played and what sort of musical groups it
accompanies.
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violin |
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 violin |
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Played all over Peru.
While it is identical to the classical European violin in some regions, in
other areas it can take on different shapes, is built out of various
materials, has varying numbers of strings and be played with a dizzying
range of techniques and tunings. The violin is played at all occasions,
whether ritual or commonplace.
charango |
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 charango |
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This is basically the
Andean version of the Spanish guitar, but usually on a smaller scale and
strung with a different number of strings. It is played across all of
southern Peru, although it varies in shape, materials, tunings and the
number of strings. In Puno and Bolivia, the soundbox is made from an
armadillo shell. The charango is played both in ritual ceremonies and
other occasions. Its playing technique varies according to the type of
music that is performed and the make-up of the musical band: whether
soloists, duos (charango and guitar), trios (charango, mandolin and
guitar) and typical folkloric bands, which feature seven or eight
different instruments.
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mandolin |
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 mandolin |
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A stringed instrument
similar to the Arab laud or lute. It is played all over Peru, although
there are regional variations governing its shape, material, tuning and
the number of strings. In Cuzco, the soundbox is made of an armadillo
shell. The mandolin is basically played on social occasions and is played
differently depending on the musical style and what instruments it is
accompanying, running from string duos (mandolin to guitar) to a
full-blown folkloric band.
cajon |
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 cajon |
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Widely-played percussion
instrument on the Peruvian coast. Of Afro-Peruvian roots, the cajón has
become the rhythmic backing for all coastal musical styles. It is made of
a wooden box with a soundhole at the back. The musician sits on top and
raps on the front with both hands, coming up with variations of timbre
depending on where the cajón is played.
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quijada |
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 guijada |
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Commonly-used
Afro-Peruvian percussion instrument. The quijada, the bottom half of the
jawbone of a donkey, mule or horse, keeps the beat in practically all
Afro-Peruvian rhythms. The instrument is held with one hand and punched on
the side to make the teeth rattle in their sockets, whereupon the sound is
amplified by the bone structure itself. (J.A.L.)
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Source:
"El
Dorado", April-June 1997. Promperu |
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